Wave Power Energy Trend Over the Indian Ocean during Monsoon Season

This study investigates the trends and variance of mean and extreme wave power energy (WPavg and WPmax) over the Indian Ocean (IO) during monsoon season (June-August; JJA). The analysis is based on ERA5 reanalysis datasets over the period 1980–2021. The north and tropical IO exhibit moderate increases in WPavg (60–90 kW/m) during the JJA season. However, pronounced increases in WPavg (~180 kW/m) are evident over the southern IO during JJA. A similar climatology pattern is reflected in WPmax, except for the strengthened intensity (upto 4 times). Further, regions with strong climatology exhibit substantial variability in the respective regions for both WPavg and WPmax. The most prominent rate of increase in WPavg is evident over the southern IO with r=0.28. While for WPmax, the most significant rate of increase is found in the tropical IO with r=0.62. Results highlight the region's ocean where wave power generation could provide beneficial outcomes to overcome the energy deficit problem over the Indian Ocean.