Channel Measurement, Characterization and Modeling for Terahertz Indoor Communications Above 200 GHz

Terahertz (THz) communications are envisioned as a promising technology for sixth-generation (6G) and beyond systems, owing to its unprecedented multi-gigahertz (GHz) bandwidth. In this paper, channel measurement campaigns in indoor scenarios at low-THz frequencies, i.e., 201-209 GHz, are reported. Four different communication scenarios including 90 transmitter-receiver pairs are measured in two channel measurement campaigns of a meeting room and an office room, respectively. The two measurement campaigns contains four scenarios, namely, a meeting room, cubicle area, hallway and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) case. The propagation of multi-path components (MPCs) in the four scenarios is characterized by the power-delay-angular profiles. Based on them, the temporal and spatial consistency for varying receiver locations in the complex hallway and NLoS scenarios are verified. To characterize, the large-scale best-direction and omni-directional path losses in indoor scenarios are separately analyzed and modeled by the close-in (CI) model. Furthermore, the small-scale channel parameters, e.g., the number of clusters, delay spread, angular spread, and cluster time-of-arrival are analyzed and modeled by proper distributions. As a general framework, a ray-tracing-statistical hybrid model is proposed for wireless propagation at 201-209 GHz, although, admittedly, the measurement results and analysis reveal that the channel characteristics in various indoor scenarios exhibit noticeable differences that need tailored parameter settings.