Improved genetic algorithm for an e-platform low-carbon vehicle routing problem with traffic congestion and delivery commitment

Although the vehicle routing problem (VRP) has been extensively investigated, traffic congestion and delivery commitment have not been explicitly studied under the low-carbon environment. This article examines a low-carbon VRP with traffic congestion and delivery commitment for an e-platform. Integrating the traffic congestion constraint with the objective function of customer compensation cost and carbon emissions cost, a revised VRP model is established and an improved genetic algorithm is developed for solution method. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the revised model and method. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to draw managerial implications for the e-platform.