Bioelectromagnetics – Exposure of Humans in GHz Frequency Range

Fifth‐generation (5G) mobile communication systems operating in GHz frequency range have caused significant public concern regarding potential adverse health effects. Furthermore, due to the appreciable skin effect in GHz frequency range, the related surface temperature increase in the eye and skin, respectively, is of interest as a relevant biological effect due to such exposures. Particularly, the correlation between the temperature elevation and S_ab in terms of heating factors, and choice of averaging area are of interest. Finally, the multilayer planar tissue models for the assessment of incident power density (IPD), heating factors, S_ab, and transmitted power density (TPD) have been analyzed in number of papers. The influence of the multilayer medium is taken into account via the corresponding Fresnel reflection/transmission coefficient. The effects of multilayer geometry are considered via the corresponding Fresnel planewave reflection/transmission approximation.