Low Carbon Planning of Multiple Integrated Energy Systems Considering Trans-Regional Battery Logistics Network

With the emergence of integrated energy system (IES) paradigm, planning and control of multiple interconnected IESs starts to draw attention in academia. This paper proposes a comprehensive planning framework for a system consisting of multiple battery swapping network-supported IESs and a trans-regional battery logistics network (TRBLN) that delivers batteries among the IESs. Models of the critical components in the studied system are established, and a multi-agent carbon emission reduction model is proposed to enable carbon-reduction in both energy supply and demand sides. Based on these, a low-carbon planning model is formulated for the multi-IES, which aims at minimizing the system's annual cost while satisfying a set of operational constraints. A CPLEX-based numerical optimization approach is developed for solving the proposed planning model and extensive numerical case studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in improving the energy efficiency and promoting decarbonization for multiple IESs.