Fast Multi-ANN Composite Models for Repeater Optimization in Presence of Parametric Uncertainty for on-Chip Hybrid Copper-Graphene Interconnects

In this paper, composite models are developed to predict the statistics of the optimal number and size of repeaters required to minimize the power delay product (PDP) of on-chip hybrid copper-graphene interconnects when subject to parametric uncertainty. Specifically, two distinct artificial neural network (ANN) based composite models are developed in this paper. Each composite model is made up of three individual ANNs that are interconnected. Depending on the way in which the ANNs are interconnected, the total number of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations and SPICE circuit simulations required for training the composite models are reduced. Overall, the composite models enable the use of analytic expressions instead of expensive and repeated full-wave EM and SPICE simulations to solve the repeater optimization problem within a Monte Carlo framework for efficient statistical analysis.