Understanding the Dynamics of Dengue in Bangladesh: EDA, Climate Correlation, and Predictive Modeling

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral infection, poses a significant threat, especially in warm, tropical climate countries like Bangladesh, India, Thailand, Malaysia, Laos, etc. This study is solely focused on the dengue data of Bangladesh as it explores the historical dengue data spanning 23 years (2000 to 2022) for EDA purposes, with a focus on 9 years (2014–2022) divisional data for model performance analysis. Additionally, climate data was collected for the same period to examine the potential correlation between dengue cases and climate factors. Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) models, including Random Forest Regression (RFR), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and LSTM with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were implemented and validated against ground truth data. The results reveal notable differences in performance between ML and DL models when handling imbalanced datasets with outliers, with RFR outperforming LSTM when compared to the ground truth data. The study uncovers significant correlations between dengue cases and climate factors like humidity, temperature, and precipitation. The insights gained from this research have practical implications for dengue prevention and control efforts in Bangladesh and beyond, paving the way for more effective strategies and interventions.