FPGA-Based Implicit–Explicit Real-Time Simulation Solver for Railway Wireless Power Transfer With Nonlinear Magnetic Coupling Components

Railway wireless power transfer (WPT) is a promising noncontact power supply solution, but constructing prototypes for controller testing can be both costly and unsafe. Real-time hardware-in-the-loop (RT-HIL) simulation is an effective and secure testing tool, but simulating the dynamic charging process of railway WPT systems is challenging due to the continuous changes in the nonlinear (NL) magnetic coupling components. To address this challenge, we propose a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based half-step implicit–explicit (IMEX) simulation solver. The proposed solver adopts an IMEX algorithm to solve the piecewise linear (PWL) and NL parts of the system separately, which enables FPGAs to solve NL components while achieving high numerical stability. Additionally, we divide a complete integration step into two half-steps to reduce computational time delays. Our proposed method offers a promising solution for the real-time simulation of railway WPT systems. The novelty of our approach lies in the use of the IMEX algorithm and the half-step integration method, which significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of the simulation. Our simulations and experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed solver, which provides a new approach for simulating and optimizing railway WPT systems with NL magnetic coupling components.