Optimal Allocation of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Storage Systems With Integrated Variable Renewable Energy

In recent years, the integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) into power grid systems has substantially increased. Nevertheless, the intermittent and uncertain nature of VRE presents fresh challenges to the power system's operation. To address these challenges, battery energy storage systems (BESS) emerge as a promising solution. Among various BESS technologies, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) proves to be particularly effective in stabilizing the intermittent output power from renewable sources. The VRFB's extended lifespan ensures consistent battery performance over the long term. This study aims to tackle these challenges by optimizing the allocation and size of BESS with VRFB on a grid scale. Leveraging the general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) and the IEEE 39-bus system, the optimization process identifies the most optimal BESS allocation at buses 4 and 21, with a total power rating of 828.18 MW and an energy rating of 6363.84 MWh. Based on the comparison, VRFB-ESS exhibits approximately 7% lower daily operational costs than Li-ion BESS The deployment of BESS enables efficient management of energy demand and generation fluctuations, reducing overall operational costs. Moreover, BESS plays a significant role in establishing a reliable, efficient, and sustainable energy system amidst the growing integration of renewable energy sources.