R-AODV: Reverse Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Algorithm With LoRa Mesh Based for Emergency Alert System

This research introduces a LoRa mesh network for emergency notification systems, which addresses the challenges of the conventional point-to-point LoRa system, such as limited transmission range and lack of backup paths. The mesh network comprises nodes that serve as relays, facilitating multi-hop data transmission to the gateway. The network also adapts to node failures and route changes by employing the Reverse Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector (R-AODV) routing algorithm. The performance of the proposed system was assessed through three types of tests: point-to-point, multi-hop, and node failure. The results indicate that the LoRa mesh network improves network coverage and reliability for emergency communication. The average delay for sending alert messages from the gateway neighbor node to the gateway is 0.82s, from the alarm node to the gateway is 1.54s in normal conditions, and 11.65s in case of a gateway neighbor node failure. The user satisfaction score is 4.31 out of 5.