Transferability of Adversarial Attacks on Tiny Deep Learning Models for IoT Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In the realm of miniature machine learning for Internet of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the security concerns of machine-learning models are obvious, especially when it comes to adversarial attacks. Models can become confused and their performance is undermined by the introduction of meticulously crafted distortions. These attacks can even infiltrate a variety of models, bringing greater security risks. To understand how it works and mitigate its effects, our research focuses on scrutinizing the transferability of adversarial attacks in the expanding context of miniature machine learning for UAVs. In this article, we introduce a formula to help measure the transferability of adversarial attacks and explore ways to improve the transferability and effectiveness of adversarial attacks (e.g., a combination of attack techniques), and provide visualizations to vividly illustrate the repercussions of adversarial instances across a spectrum of attack intensities, helping facilitate more intuitive exploration and analysis of the results. For instance, our findings demonstrate that even subtle perturbations directed at specific attributes can lead to a significant decrease in model accuracy. We also evaluate the success rates of various attack algorithms and validate the proposed evaluation methodology for measuring transferability. And the outcomes unveiled in this study make noteworthy strides in fostering a profound comprehension of the transferability of adversarial attacks in the distinct realm of miniature machine learning for UAVs. Robust defense mechanisms, which ensure the impregnability of IoT-enabled UAV systems, can be cultivated by pinpointing the most efficacious attack strategies and evaluating their transferability.