Approximative Lookup-Tables and Arbitrary Function Rotations for Facilitating NISQ-Implementations of the HHL and Beyond

Many promising applications of quantum computing with a provable speedup center around the HHL algorithm. Due to restrictions on the hardware and its significant demand on qubits and gates in known implementations, its execution is prohibitive on near-term quantum computers. Aiming to facilitate such NISQ-implementations, we propose a novel circuit approximation technique that enhances the arithmetic subrou-tines in the HHL, which resemble a particularly resource-demanding component in small-scale settings. For this, we provide a description of the algorithmic implementation of space-efficient rotations of polynomial functions that do not demand explicit arithmetic calculations inside the quantum circuit. We show how these types of circuits can be reduced in depth by providing a simple and powerful approximation technique. Moreover, we provide an algorithm that converts lookup-tables for arbitrary function rotations into a structure that allows an application of the approximation technique. This allows implementing approximate rotation circuits for many polynomial and non-polynomial functions. Experimental results obtained for realistic early-application dimensions show significant improve-ments compared to the state-of-the-art, yielding small circuits while achieving good approximations.