Adaptive Inertia and Frequency Damping Control of Photovoltaic Systems Based on Sparrow Search Algorithm

The increasing penetration of renewable energy leads to a decrease in inertia and frequency damping of power grid, which challenges the stability and security of grid frequency. In this context, frequency control needs to be developed for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. Among various methods, a simple and application-friendly approach stands out, which modifies the frequency response characteristics of PV systems to mimic the inertia and frequency damping responses of synchronous generator's rotor motion. Aiming to improve the efficiency of such a frequency control, this paper proposes an adaptive inertia and frequency damping control (A-IFDC) of PV systems based on sparrow search algorithm (SSA). Firstly, the power reserve of PV system is realized using the maximum power point estimation based power reserve control (MPPE-PRC) method. Then, the A-IFDC of PV systems is developed, where the SSA is employed to adaptively adjust the real-time virtual inertia and frequency damping control parameters with the objective of reducing frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Simulation is conducted in MATLAB/Simulink, of which the results show that the proposed control method improves the PV resource utilization and effectively supports the grid frequency, contributing to the stability and security of power grid.