Performance Analysis of Database Access: Comparison of Direct Connection, ORM, REST API and GraphQL Approaches

This study aims to estimate the performance of fetching data by different approaches. Effective access to data is critical for high-performance operations, and understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each system is pivotal for software engineers. The experiments conducted in this study indicated that the REST(REpresentational State Transfer) API(Application Programming Interface)[1] and ORM(Object-Relational Mapping) offered excellent performance, whereas GraphQL[2] required additional resources to achieve comparable efficiency. These results can help businesses choose the applicable system for their specific requirements. The study's findings contribute to the growing knowledge of database access optimization, enabling IT professionals to make informed opinions when designing and enforcing effective database access strategies in their systems. The study also sheds light on the implicit trade-offs between the different database access styles and emphasizes the significance of careful consideration of operating conditions when opting for the most applicable system. All approaches were implemented using the Golang programming language[3] and MongoDB database[4].