CDSPAN: A Collaborative Distributed SPANner Backbone for Multiple Source Multicast Routing in Vehicular Network

The growing demand of various applications in vehicular adhoc network (VANET) makes multicast routing as communication imperative. It is observed from the literature that the existing multicast routing techniques such as spanning trees, dynamic source routing, etc., do not have a predetermined source node due to VANET challenges such as high mobility, frequent disconnections, etc. Further, the creation and the maintenance of minimum cost spanning trees (source or core-based) are not efficient due to the frequent topology changes in VANET. In this paper, we proposed many-to-many multicast communication protocol, CDSPAN: A Collaborative Distributed SPANner backbone for multiple source multicast routing, is divided into three modules: (i) the multicast groups are created using clustering techniques, (ii) the subgraphs are formed using a geometric
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-spanner, and (iii) the shortest optimum path is identified using a distributed method. CDSPAN updates the route locally avoiding spanner maintenance overhead and increases scalability. CDSPAN is tested in simulation and in real time (VANET testbed) as well. From the simulation results, it is evident that the CDSPAN achieves significant performance improvement (in terms of average delay, reliability, and packet loss ratio) than the recent existing works such as adaptive distributed tree-based multicast routing protocol (DTMR) and delay efficient multicasting based on parked vehicles, fog computing, and software defined networking (SDN) in vehicular networks (DMPFS). From the real-time results, it is found that the CDSPAN outperforms DTMR in many to many multicast communication.