A Multichannel Wiener Filter Method of Deformation Measurement for Simultaneous Multiangle Spaceborne D-InSAR

Simultaneous multiangle spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can provide spatially diverse SAR images of the same scene without time lags. Through differential SAR interferometry (D-InSAR), the system can extract accurate multidimensional deformations from the mixing differential tropospheric delay (DTD), which generally distorts deformation signals in single interferograms. This article focuses on the multidimensional deformation estimation by simultaneous multiangle spaceborne D-InSAR. A multichannel Wiener filter (MWF)-based multidimensional deformation and DTD joint estimation method is proposed in this article. The method can achieve optimal estimation accuracy and reduce the loss of scene details. It was first validated by the simulations based on the system parameters of the future European Space Agency (ESA) Harmony mission. Additionally, the method was confirmed through the utilization of the real TanDEM-X bidirectional (BiDi) SAR data acquired over two scenes in California, USA. We analyzed the performance of the method in the presence of multiple error sources and investigated the impact of different observation geometries on estimation performance. Finally, the results demonstrate the potential of simultaneous multiangle spaceborne D-InSAR in multidimensional deformation measurement. The proposed method is effective in achieving good estimation accuracy and spatial resolution preservation.