Rectangular Patch Antenna Optimization using Metaheuristic Algorithms of Swarm Intelligence: A Comparative Study

This article presents a comparative study of six nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms based on swarm intelligence for solving a specific optimization problem in the design of a rectangular patch antenna for resonance generation at a frequency of 2.4GHz. The algorithms used were: Bat Algorithm, Firefly Algorithm, Harris Hawks Optimization, Marine Predators Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Slime Mould Algorithm. Results show that all algorithms can be useful for solving the optimization problem, however, there are considerable differences in terms of error in the fitness function, obtained gain, and convergence time. The selection of the best algorithm will depend on the priorities when formulating the optimization problem.