High-Performance Ultrasonic Transducer Using Single-Crystal PMN-PZT for Mid-Air Haptic Feedback System in Vehicle

Mid-air haptic technology is emerging as a solution for various non-touch controlling systems, especially for safe and convenient vehicle interfaces. The latest system was composed of ceramic piezoelectric transducers, but the acoustic pressure is insufficient for users to get a haptic sensation since the array size is restricted in a vehicle. In this work, we developed a single-crystal PMN-PZT based ultrasonic transducer to transmit the sound pressure level of 133 dB SPL, whereas a commercial ceramic piezoelectric transducer showed 126 dB SPL. Based on this novel transducer, a compact array system was also designed to improve the vehicle's mid-air haptic feedback system.