Evaluating the BER Performance for M-ary QAM in AWGN, Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m Fading Channels

Wireless communication systems have made tremendous advances, using various modulation schemes considering different channel environments substantially influencing their performance. Data may be conveyed effortlessly and with low errors by using appropriate modulation algorithms and capitalizing on favorable channel characteristics. As a result, it is critical to build highly efficient communication systems that reduce error rates during data transfer. Power efficiency, bandwidth efficiency, and error rate are all performance aspects of modulation methods in communication systems. M-ary Phase-Shift Keying (M-PSK) and M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM) are now two frequently used modulation systems in wireless communication. These methodologies are critical in the study and verification of wireless communication system performance, particularly in fading channel conditions. We compare the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of M-QAM modulation schemes in various channel circumstances, including Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Rayleigh environment, Rician fading, and Nakagami-m fading, in this study.