A Full Tensorial Synthesis Method for Holographic-Based Leaky-Wave Antennas

In this letter, a novel approach to extract the surface impedance tensor of a pixel geometry within a squared unit cell is presented. The scalar impedance is utilized to create a nonlinear system of equations resulting in an eigenmode impedance tensor for an arbitrary pixel geometry. A 3-D-tensor database is created in order to assign the analytical impedance tensors to a physical pixel geometry in a single step procedure. Based on the tensorial synthesis method, an anisotropic holographic-based high-gain leaky-wave antenna is realized on a fused silica wafer for an operation frequency of 160 GHz. The far field measurements show a gain of 32 dBi, a polarization purity of 38 dB, and a sidelobe level of 28 dB at 160 GHz. The input reflection coefficient is below
$-$
10 dB, and a maximum gain of 35 dBi is achieved across the bandwidth from 140 to 170 GHz.