A Comprehensive Review of Theory and Designing of 28GHz 5th Generation MIMO Antenna

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the millimeter wave access (mmW) 5G MIMO antenna radiating electromagnetic energy at 28GHz frequency. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) provided 5G EM Wave specifications in IMT-2020 and with the release 15 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), the updated specifications of next-generation 5G wireless technology were released and various frequency bands were defined. FR-2 frequency bands were specified for enhanced millimeter-wave applications. This work provides an analysis of compact 28GHz, 5G technology antennas with their single element and MIMO parameters. Various enhancement techniques are used in millimeter antenna designing to compensate for the high losses because of the multipath fading effect and large propagation losses at high frequencies and to enhance various characteristics of the compact millimeter MIMO antenna. This review paper presents the theoretical and practical analysis of recent developments in the 5G MIMO antenna design.