An Integration Scheme for Highway Rest Area Integrating the Distributed Photovoltaic Generation and Energy Storage

With the large-scale expansionary of electric vehicles (EVs), charging facilities on highway have also been developed rapidly as supporting services, providing convenient and fast charging services for electric vehicle users. Due to the limited number and capacity of charging facilities, it is difficult to meet diverse queue waiting time needs of EV users during peak charging periods. Meanwhile, considering the integration of distributed photovoltaic and distributed energy storage system (DPV-DESS) on highway, this paper aims at proposing a strategy for the highway to coordinate multiple resources and meet the diverse charging demand of EVs. In this paper, a highway integration scheme with DPV-DESS is established to maximize the EV charging simultaneity and EV users’ satisfaction while achieving the efficient utilization of DPV-DESS. Firstly, based on the DPV-DESS configuration, the model of photovoltaic (PV), energy storage and EV charging parameters are built. Secondly, considering PV output characteristics and the diverse charging needs, a two-layer optimization model is put forward. In the upper layer, multi-source coordination optimization model is proposed to realize efficient utilization. In the lower layer, an orderly charging strategy is raised for EVs senseless charging. Finally, case studies have been conducted on a self-sustained DPV-DESS consisting of a modified test system with 20 charging piles. Numerical results indicate that the proposed scheme can maximize the EV users’ satisfaction while minimizing the operating cost on the premise of the self-sustained highway transportation energy system operation.