An LSTM-Assisted GNSS/INS Integration System Using IMU Recomputed Error Information for Train Localization

Global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/inertial navigation system (INS) integration is widely used for train positioning, but railways tunnels and mountains can interfere GNSS signals and will lead to performance degradation when the system is operated in the standalone INS mode. This article proposes a long short-term memory (LSTM)-assisted GNSS/INS integration system using recomputed inertial measurement unit (IMU) error to suppress the error divergence of an INS in the case of GNSS solution nonavailability. The IMU error recomputation method (RM) is first proposed, where the GNSS/INS-derived position, velocity, and attitude information is utilized when is GNSS available. The train's attitude computed using the GNSS dual-antenna moving baseline method is used as the heading constraint for GNSS/INS integration so as to provide accurate attitude information. The recomputed IMU sensor error is then used for model training, and the system switches to LSTM-assisted INS mode when GNSS solutions are unavailable. The system predicts the IMU sensor error using the train motion state, and corrects the IMU measurements to suppress the accumulating IMU sensor error. The proposed system was evaluated through a train experiment on the Shuozhou–Huanghua railway. The IMU–RM was evaluated on four time slots of varying lengths, and the proposed LSTM-assisted GNSS/INS integration system using IMU–RM was evaluated in two “difficult” GNSS signal areas of curved and straight railtrack segments, and were simulated. Results showed significant improvement in horizontal position accuracy compared to conventional methods, with suppression of INS sensor error divergence by 79% and 63% for curved and straight segments, respectively.