Effect of Electrical Vehicles Participation Rate on Time Delayed Load Frequency Control

In this paper, the participation rates of electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the power system in load frequency control (LFC) performances have been examined. In addition, different communication time delays (CTDs) have been implemented to system model (for both plant and EVs side) for obtained realistic results. The analyzes have been carried out for the proportional-integral-derivative controller having derivative filter coefficient (PID-N). In order to find optimal PID-N controller parameters, recently developed Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) technique have been selected and applied. The analyzes have been performed for various participation rate of EVs and the results have been compared with respect to overshoot, undershoot and settling time values. The contributions of electrical vehicles on load frequency control system performances have been demonstrated for two different cases within this study.