Performance Evaluation of Vivaldi Antennas for GPR Systems and the Impact of Group Delay.

The use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) systems has emerged as an effective method for detecting landmines, given their ability to detect buried targets, including improvised explosive devices (IEDs), The quality of the measured signal, which is influenced by the antenna, plays a vital role in determining the depth of penetration, resolution, and target detection. [1, 2].