Enhanced Motor Imagery Decoding by Calibration Model-Assisted With Tactile ERD

Objective. In this study, we propose a tactile-assisted calibration method for a motor imagery (MI) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system. Method. In the proposed calibration, tactile stimulation was applied to the hand wrist to assist the subjects in the MI task, which is named SA-MI task. Then, classifier training in the SA-MI Calibration was performed using the SA-MI data, while the Conventional Calibration employed the MI data. After the classifiers were trained, the performance was evaluated on a common MI dataset. Results. Our study demonstrated that the SA-MI Calibration significantly improved the performance as compared with the Conventional Calibration, with a decoding accuracy of (78.3% vs. 71.3%). Moreover, the average calibration time could be reduced by 40%. This benefit of the SA-MI Calibration effect was further validated by an independent control group, which showed no improvement when tactile stimulation was not applied during the calibration phase. Further analysis showed that when compared with MI, greater motor-related cortical activation and higher
${R} ^{{2}}$
value in the alpha-beta frequency band were induced in SA-MI. Conclusion. Indeed, the SA-MI Calibration could significantly improve the performance and reduce the calibration time as compared with the Conventional Calibration. Significance. The proposed tactile stimulation-assisted MI Calibration method holds great potential for a faster and more accurate system setup at the beginning of BCI usage.