Optimal Energy Exchange of Two Electric Vehicle Charging Stations with Solar-Hydrogen-Battery Storage Systems

This paper presents an optimisation method for the direct energy exchange between two electric vehicle (EV) charging stations located in the UK. Each EV charging station consists of solar panels, hydrogen and battery energy storage systems (SHBS). The stations are interconnected through a energy exchange system that enables the transfer of excess energy from one station to the other. The objective function of SHBS charging stations is to minimize the capital and operation and maintenance costs of the stations. The system constraints are the power output of individual components, as well as the power balance between SHBS charging stations and EV charging demand. Genetic Algorithm is used to optimize the system, considering various factors such as the size of the solar panels and hydrogen storage tanks, the capacity of the electric vehicle chargers, and the amount of energy exchanged between the two stations. The optimized system yields substantial cost savings.