Two-Stage Mixed Game for Coordinated Planning of PV Capacity in Distribution System with Multiple Integrated Energy Microgrids

This paper proposes a two-stage mixed game model for coordinated planning of photovoltaic (PV) capacity in distribution system (DS) with multiple integrated energy microgrids (IEMs). Firstly, the framework of two-stage mixed game for PV planning is described. In the first stage, the distribution system operator (DSO) and the IEMs alliance play a Stackelberg game as leader and follower respectively, which make strategic decisions of PV capacity through interactive pricing and electricity. In the second stage, IEMs reach an agreement on electricity prices to fairly share cooperative benefits through cooperative game. Then, it proposes a coordinated planning model of DS and IEMs based on Stackelberg game, which also presents an IEMs alliance cooperative game model based on Nash bargaining. Thirdly, the bi-level model of Stackelberg game is transformed into linear single-level model via Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality condition and linearization techniques. And the cooperative game model is solved by the prediction-correction-based alternating direction method of multipliers (PCB-ADMM). Finally, several cases in the modified IEEE 33-bus DS with multiple IEMs verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed model.