Multi-Objective Placement and Sizing of WtE-Based CHP-DG Considering Customer Types, Seasons and Load Growth

Integration of fuel cell (FC) and internal combustion engine (ICE) based Distributed Generation (DGs) in a distribution network should be properly planned. This paper presents an optimal location and sizing of WtE-based FC and ICE using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) considering constant and seasonal voltage dependent load models as well as load growth. The food waste of a township (Soweto) in South Africa was used to determine the biogas for feeding the FC and ICE-based DGs. Using the standard IEEE 33 bus network and the IPSO, the FC and ICE were able to reduce the power loss of the system by about 63% under constant load model and above 65% considering seasonal voltage dependence. In all cases, voltage profiles are significantly improved. Load growth influences the capacity of DG but may not necessarily affect their locations on the distribution network.