Small Modular Reactors for South Africa Base Load Energy Sustainability

The current energy mix model of South Africa is centred around coal-fired power plants which make up over 80% of the total power generation capacity in South Africa. In recent years, the performance of coal-fired power plants has deteriorated drastically; hence some are in the process of being decommissioned. This has led to roll-out load shedding to manage the energy supply and demand, protecting the grid from collapsing. To address this supply-demand inequality, this paper explores the feasibility of re-purposing the existing coal-fired power plants targeted for possible decommissioning for deploying Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). The SMRs are attractive because of their size and footprint; they could be placed in brownfield sites as replacements for decommissioned coal-fired power plants. Presented in this paper is a preliminary assessment of the existing framework, geographical information system, available scientific data, infrastructure requirements, industrial capacity and the current suitability gaps in coal-fired power station sites that could inhibit the deployment of modular reactors. When selecting sites for retired coal-fired power stations, it is essential to follow a consistent approach that aligns with generic nuclear regulations considering site qualifications and sensitivity criteria.