Modeling and Analysis of Residential DC Microgrid Energy Management Using System of Systems Architecture

Electricity technology advancement in the world increases energy demand. The pollution problems caused by non-renewable fuels have accelerated the use of distributed energy resources (DERs) in all industries. Microgrids have been used in many industries to improve resiliency. Energy Management Systems (EMS) can help enhance microgrids' robustness, ensuring that the grid remains stable and operational long when energy is minimal. EMS allows for centralised monitoring and control of energy use across building systems. It is developed to record, store, and process power consumption data of every major appliance in the house and industries. An Energy Management System consists of different components seen as operational units. Operational units are responsible for measurement, communication, decision-making, and power supply switching control to manipulate the power output to meet the energy demands. If hierarchical control is used on a DC microgrid, efficiency can be improved by introducing a load-shedding concept, minimising downtime. This research aims to model and develop an energy management system in PV/Composite Storage DC microgrid system. An agent-based approach is used in the implementation of the EMS.