Exposure Simulation and Analysis using Downlink Beam Tracking of a Mobile User in City Scenario

Maintaining stable connections between base stations (BSs) and user equipments (UEs) is a crucial requirement for effective wireless communication. Two approaches are mainly implemented in modern communication technology. The first approach, beamforming, involves directing a narrow beam towards a specific area of the UE to increase signal power. The second approach is to increase the density of BSs, thereby enhancing the global signal coverage strength. In this context, several BSs can cooperate together utilizing coordinated multipoint (CoMP) to improve signal quality and minimize interference. However, both approaches have raised concerns regarding the potential health risks associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Therefore, in this paper, an urban city environment is investigated and the EMF exposure from beam tracking and CoMP are simulated and analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that both methods only slightly increase UE exposure, while significantly decreasing global exposure.