Frequency Scanning X-Band Antenna for 3D Radar Systems

We present a frequency scanning X-band antenna designed for 3D surveillance radar systems. The antenna, a planar slotted waveguide array, features linear polarization and can steer its beam up to 55 degrees in the elevation plane through approximately a 5% frequency variation, achieved using a serpentine waveguide feed. However, the beam’s direction in the azimuth plane remains fixed at the boresight. The design employs a subarraying technique and incorporates single-ridged waveguides in both the radiating and feeding layers, ensuring stable performance within the frequency bandwidth. The developed antenna is integrated into a 3D pulsed Doppler radar system, the design and characteristics of which are further described.