How Double-Carbon Policies Affect Green Technology Innovation Capability of Enterprise: Empirical Analysis Based on Spatial Dubin Model

Double-carbon policies are crucial for governments to steer corporate transformation toward green tech innovation and high-quality economic growth. Using data from 2011 to 2020 across 30 Chinese regions, this study constructs a spatial Dubin model to explore links among double-carbon policy intensity, government funding, big data development, and product/process-oriented green tech capabilities in firms. The results show that the intensity of double-carbon policies has a significantly positive impact on product-oriented and process-oriented green technology innovation capabilities of enterprises. The intensity of double-carbon policies has a significantly positive and direct effect but a negative spillover effect on process-oriented green technology innovation capability of the enterprise, whereas it only has a significantly positive and direct effect on the product-oriented green technology innovation capability of the enterprise. Government funding support mediates the effect of the intensity of double-carbon policies on product-oriented and process-oriented green technology innovation capabilities of enterprises. Big data development level moderates the effect of government funding support as a mediator on the product-oriented green technology innovation capability of the enterprise, but cannot moderate the effect of the intensity of double-carbon policies on the product-oriented green technology innovation capability of the enterprise.