Efficient CI-Based One-Bit Precoding for Multiuser Downlink Massive MIMO Systems With PSK Modulation

In this paper, we consider the one-bit precoding problem for the multiuser downlink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with phase shift keying (PSK) modulation. We focus on the celebrated constructive interference (CI)-based problem formulation. We first establish the NP-hardness of the problem (even in the single-user case), which reveals the intrinsic difficulty of globally solving the problem. Then, we propose a novel negative
$\ell _{1}$
penalty model for the considered problem, which penalizes the one-bit constraint into the objective by a negative
$\ell _{1}$
-norm term, and show the equivalence between (global and local) solutions of the original problem and the penalty problem when the penalty parameter is sufficiently large. We further transform the penalty model into an equivalent min-max problem and propose an efficient alternating proximal/projection gradient descent ascent (APGDA) algorithm for solving it, which performs a proximal gradient decent over one block of variables and a projection gradient ascent over the other block of variables alternately. The APGDA algorithm enjoys a low per-iteration complexity and is guaranteed to converge to a stationary point of the min-max problem and a local minimizer of the penalty problem. To further reduce the computational cost, we also propose a low-complexity implementation of the APGDA algorithm, where the values of the variables will be fixed in later iterations once they satisfy the one-bit constraint. Numerical results show that, compared to the state-of-the-art CI-based algorithms, both of the proposed algorithms generally achieve better bit-error-rate (BER) performance with lower computational cost.