Variational Mode Decomposition-Based Moment Fusion for the Detection of Seizure Types From the Scalp EEG Measurements

Accurate detection of seizure types is one of the important research in the field of epilepsy for effective treatment and management. The identification of potential biomarkers is difficult and challenging as the nonlinear and nonstationary characteristics of the electroencephalogram (EEG) vary within a seizure type and among the seizure types. In this work, a novel variational mode decomposition (VMD)-based feature fusion approach is proposed to detect the evolution of seizures into electrographic seizures (EGSZs), complex partial seizures (CPSZs), and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (TCSZs). The scalp EEGs of these seizures are decomposed using VMD. The features, namely, zero crossing (ZC), Shannon entropy (ShEn), approximate entropy (ApEn), and root squared zeroth moment (RSZM), are extracted from band-limited oscillatory modes. These features are employed to design a three-class classification model using random forest. In order to enhance the performance further, a fusion of RSZM measures is adapted. The proposed framework is experimented with ictal EEGs of Temple University and Hospital (TUH) database. The results indicate that the six-level VMD performs better in terms of differentiating seizure types. Among the features, the RSZM is found to effectively recognize the seizure types from the first few seconds of ictal EEG. Furthermore, the fusion of RSZM results with a maximum accuracy (ACC) of 96.91% for tenfold cross validation and 85.2% for patient-wise cross validation. In addition, the performance of our approach is also found to be promising for the differentiation of ictal and normal EEGs when we tested on wider datasets. Therefore, the proposed framework has great potential in epilepsy diagnosis.