Study on Minimum Annual Electricity Bill of a Campus Microgrid Using the Sparrow Search Algorithm and Bin Packing Method

This paper aims to solve the minimum annual electricity bill problem of a campus microgrid with distributed generation and a battery energy storage system via the proposed optimal hybrid approach with sparrow search algorithm (SSA) and bin packing method (BPM). First, the hourly, daily, monthly, and annual electricity bill computing modules were built. The historical electrical consumption and photovoltaic generation were analyzed to statistic the net load distribution and duration over one year. Next, the time-of-use rate for high-voltage customers with demand charge and energy charging of Taipower for the high-voltage campus microgrid was formulated as an optimization function and coded in python language. The charging and discharging schedule of the 1 MW/1.26 MWh battery energy storage system (BESS), according to the annual net load, were considered in this minimum annual electricity bill problem. We obtained the optimal contract capacity and the corresponding minimum annual electricity bill. The optimal hybrid approach was applied to solve this optimization problem. The results demonstrate that the proposed method could effectively solve the annual minimum electricity bill problem.