Design of 3-bit Programmable Metasurface Element Based on Phase Shifting Structure

In this paper, a 3-bit metasurface element operating at 3.55 GHz is proposed. The element is composed of a reconfigurable patch and a reflective phase shifter. By utilizing four PIN diodes, the patch and the phase shifter achieve 1-bit and 2-bit phase resolution, respectively, thereby enabling the element to achieve a 3-bit reconfigurable phase response. Simulation results show that the element achieves 3-bit phase resolution at 3.55 GHz with y-polarized incidence, which can greatly reduce the phase quantization error of reconfigurable metasurface.