Abstract:
This work describes a unique ultrasound (US) exposure system designed to create very localized ( \sim 100 ~\mu \text{m} ) sound fields at operating frequencies that are...Show MoreMetadata
Abstract:
This work describes a unique ultrasound (US) exposure system designed to create very localized ( \sim 100 ~\mu \text{m} ) sound fields at operating frequencies that are currently being used for preclinical US neuromodulation. This system can expose small clusters of neuronal tissue, such as cell cultures or intact brain structures in target animal models, opening up opportunities to examine possible mechanisms of action. We modified a dental descaler and drove it at a resonance frequency of 96 kHz, well above its nominal operating point of 28 kHz. A ceramic microtip from an ultrasonic wire bonder was attached to the end of the applicator, creating a 100- \mu \text{m} point source. The device was calibrated with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane hydrophone, in a novel, air-backed, configuration. The experimental results were confirmed by simulation using a monopole model. The results show a consistent decaying sound field from the tip, well-suited to neural stimulation. The system was tested on an existing neurological model, Drosophila melanogaster, which has not previously been used for US neuromodulation experiments. The results show brain-directed US stimulation induces or suppresses motor actions, demonstrated through synchronized tracking of fly limb movements. These results provide the basis for ongoing and future studies of US interaction with neuronal tissue, both at the level of single neurons and intact organisms.
Published in: IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control ( Volume: 70, Issue: 11, November 2023)
Funding Agency:
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Samantha F. Schafer (Member, IEEE) was born in Philadelphia, PA, USA. She received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Temple University, Philadelphia, in 2020, and the M.S. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, in 2023. Her M.S. thesis research was related to the integrity of ultrasound neuromodulation experiments in the clinical setting.
She currently works in the medical devic...Show More
Samantha F. Schafer (Member, IEEE) was born in Philadelphia, PA, USA. She received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Temple University, Philadelphia, in 2020, and the M.S. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, in 2023. Her M.S. thesis research was related to the integrity of ultrasound neuromodulation experiments in the clinical setting.
She currently works in the medical devic...View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Haley Croke received the B.S. degree in biology with a minor in neuroscience from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2022, where she is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Neural Circuit Engineering (NEC) Laboratory.
In the NCE Laboratory, she is currently involved in mapping out sensorimotor circuits in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and designing novel behavioral assays for investigating se...Show More
Haley Croke received the B.S. degree in biology with a minor in neuroscience from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2022, where she is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Neural Circuit Engineering (NEC) Laboratory.
In the NCE Laboratory, she is currently involved in mapping out sensorimotor circuits in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and designing novel behavioral assays for investigating se...View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Andres Kriete received the M.S. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1981, and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, in 1985.
He was a Research Associate with the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Virology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, from 1982 to 1985, and an Application Engineer Image Analysis Division (Carl Zeiss Vision), Kontron Elektronik Inc....Show More
Andres Kriete received the M.S. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1981, and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, in 1985.
He was a Research Associate with the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Virology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, from 1982 to 1985, and an Application Engineer Image Analysis Division (Carl Zeiss Vision), Kontron Elektronik Inc....View more
Science and Health Systems, the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Hasan Ayaz (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronics engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, where he is also with the Departm...Show More
Hasan Ayaz (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronics engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, where he is also with the Departm...View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Peter A. Lewin (Life Fellow, IEEE) received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Denmark, Copenhagen-Lyngby, Denmark, in 1969, and the Ph.D. degree in physical acoustics from the University of Denmark, in 1979.
In 1983 he joined the faculty of Drexel University where he is currently the R.B. Beard Distinguished University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Director of the U...Show More
Peter A. Lewin (Life Fellow, IEEE) received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Denmark, Copenhagen-Lyngby, Denmark, in 1969, and the Ph.D. degree in physical acoustics from the University of Denmark, in 1979.
In 1983 he joined the faculty of Drexel University where he is currently the R.B. Beard Distinguished University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Director of the U...View more
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Catherine R. von Reyn received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010, where she investigated mechanism that underly neural circuit failure after traumatic brain injury.
She conducted her postdoctoral work at Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Asburn,...Show More
Catherine R. von Reyn received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010, where she investigated mechanism that underly neural circuit failure after traumatic brain injury.
She conducted her postdoctoral work at Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Asburn,...View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Mark E. Schafer (Life Senior Member, IEEE) received the S.B. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1979, the M.S. degree in acoustics from Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 1988.
He held management positions with several medical comp...Show More
Mark E. Schafer (Life Senior Member, IEEE) received the S.B. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1979, the M.S. degree in acoustics from Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 1988.
He held management positions with several medical comp...View more
Contents School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Samantha F. Schafer (Member, IEEE) was born in Philadelphia, PA, USA. She received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Temple University, Philadelphia, in 2020, and the M.S. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, in 2023. Her M.S. thesis research was related to the integrity of ultrasound neuromodulation experiments in the clinical setting.
She currently works in the medical device field, focusing on medical ultrasound consulting and applications. She is an inventor on two patents and has co-authored several journal articles pertaining to ultrasound neuromodulation.
Ms. Schafer is a member of the Acoustical Society of America and the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. She is currently the Ultrasonics Student Representative of the IEEE-UFFC Society.
Samantha F. Schafer (Member, IEEE) was born in Philadelphia, PA, USA. She received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Temple University, Philadelphia, in 2020, and the M.S. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, in 2023. Her M.S. thesis research was related to the integrity of ultrasound neuromodulation experiments in the clinical setting.
She currently works in the medical device field, focusing on medical ultrasound consulting and applications. She is an inventor on two patents and has co-authored several journal articles pertaining to ultrasound neuromodulation.
Ms. Schafer is a member of the Acoustical Society of America and the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. She is currently the Ultrasonics Student Representative of the IEEE-UFFC Society.View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Haley Croke received the B.S. degree in biology with a minor in neuroscience from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2022, where she is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Neural Circuit Engineering (NEC) Laboratory.
In the NCE Laboratory, she is currently involved in mapping out sensorimotor circuits in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and designing novel behavioral assays for investigating sensorimotor transformations.
Haley Croke received the B.S. degree in biology with a minor in neuroscience from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2022, where she is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree with the Neural Circuit Engineering (NEC) Laboratory.
In the NCE Laboratory, she is currently involved in mapping out sensorimotor circuits in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and designing novel behavioral assays for investigating sensorimotor transformations.View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Andres Kriete received the M.S. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1981, and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, in 1985.
He was a Research Associate with the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Virology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, from 1982 to 1985, and an Application Engineer Image Analysis Division (Carl Zeiss Vision), Kontron Elektronik Inc., Munich, Germany, from 1985 to 1987. He developed and directed the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany, from 1987 to 2000. In 2004, he was appointed Associate Professor at the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, where he is currently the Associate Dean. He edited three books on 3D Microscopy and Computational Systems Biology and continues to work on imaging and systems biology of aging. He organized multiple conferences, including Focus on Microscopy (FOM), Systems Biology of Aging, and the Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC).
Andres Kriete received the M.S. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany, in 1981, and the Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of Bremen, in 1985.
He was a Research Associate with the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Virology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany, from 1982 to 1985, and an Application Engineer Image Analysis Division (Carl Zeiss Vision), Kontron Elektronik Inc., Munich, Germany, from 1985 to 1987. He developed and directed the Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany, from 1987 to 2000. In 2004, he was appointed Associate Professor at the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, where he is currently the Associate Dean. He edited three books on 3D Microscopy and Computational Systems Biology and continues to work on imaging and systems biology of aging. He organized multiple conferences, including Focus on Microscopy (FOM), Systems Biology of Aging, and the Northeast Biomedical Engineering Conference (NEBEC).View more
Science and Health Systems, the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Engineering, AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel Solutions Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Hasan Ayaz (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronics engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, where he is also with the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, AJ Drexel Autism Institute, and Drexel Solutions Institute. His research involves understanding the neural mechanisms related to human cognitive, motor functioning with a focus on real-world contexts, utilizing mobile neuroimaging, and deploying neuroengineering approaches for neuroergonomics applications. His research aims to design, develop, and utilize (i.e., to measure to elucidate to enable) next-generation optical brain imaging for neuroergonomic applications. He organized and chaired international conferences on this topic.
Dr. Ayaz is the Co-Founding Field Chief Editor of the new journal Frontiers in Neuroergonomics, which focuses on mobile neurotechnology methods and applications.
Hasan Ayaz (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronics engineering from Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010.
He is currently an Associate Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, where he is also with the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, AJ Drexel Autism Institute, and Drexel Solutions Institute. His research involves understanding the neural mechanisms related to human cognitive, motor functioning with a focus on real-world contexts, utilizing mobile neuroimaging, and deploying neuroengineering approaches for neuroergonomics applications. His research aims to design, develop, and utilize (i.e., to measure to elucidate to enable) next-generation optical brain imaging for neuroergonomic applications. He organized and chaired international conferences on this topic.
Dr. Ayaz is the Co-Founding Field Chief Editor of the new journal Frontiers in Neuroergonomics, which focuses on mobile neurotechnology methods and applications.View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Peter A. Lewin (Life Fellow, IEEE) received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Denmark, Copenhagen-Lyngby, Denmark, in 1969, and the Ph.D. degree in physical acoustics from the University of Denmark, in 1979.
In 1983 he joined the faculty of Drexel University where he is currently the R.B. Beard Distinguished University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Director of the Ultrasound Research and Education Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems. He has authored or co-authored 250 scientific publications and also co-edited Ultrasonic Exposimetry (CRC Press, 1993). His current interests include the design and testing of piezoelectric transducers and sensors, ultrasonic exposimetry, biological effects of ultrasound, and ultrasonically assisted chronic wound healing.
Dr. Lewin is a Fellow of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Acoustical Society of America, the International Academy for Medical and Biomedical Engineering, the College of Physicians in Philadelphia, and Distinguished Advocate and Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. He has served as Associate Editor of “Ultrasonics” and as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE UFFC Transactions. He is the recipient of the IEEE Philadelphia Section Benjamin Franklin Key Award, the Drexel University Provost Career Award for Outstanding Scholarly Productivity, and the IEEE UFFC Achievement Award.
Peter A. Lewin (Life Fellow, IEEE) received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Denmark, Copenhagen-Lyngby, Denmark, in 1969, and the Ph.D. degree in physical acoustics from the University of Denmark, in 1979.
In 1983 he joined the faculty of Drexel University where he is currently the R.B. Beard Distinguished University Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Director of the Ultrasound Research and Education Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems. He has authored or co-authored 250 scientific publications and also co-edited Ultrasonic Exposimetry (CRC Press, 1993). His current interests include the design and testing of piezoelectric transducers and sensors, ultrasonic exposimetry, biological effects of ultrasound, and ultrasonically assisted chronic wound healing.
Dr. Lewin is a Fellow of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Acoustical Society of America, the International Academy for Medical and Biomedical Engineering, the College of Physicians in Philadelphia, and Distinguished Advocate and Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. He has served as Associate Editor of “Ultrasonics” and as Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE UFFC Transactions. He is the recipient of the IEEE Philadelphia Section Benjamin Franklin Key Award, the Drexel University Provost Career Award for Outstanding Scholarly Productivity, and the IEEE UFFC Achievement Award.View more
Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Catherine R. von Reyn received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010, where she investigated mechanism that underly neural circuit failure after traumatic brain injury.
She conducted her postdoctoral work at Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Asburn, VA, USA, where she applied and developed cutting edge tools to investigate neural circuit function in Drosophila melanogaster. She is currently an Assistant Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, with a secondary appointment at the Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy. At Drexel University, she runs the Neural Circuit Engineering (NCE) Laboratory that applies genetic engineering strategies to understand and rewire sensorimotor circuits. The NCE Laboratory seeks to uncover general algorithms for sensorimotor transformations and to control underlying connectivity and molecular mechanisms that dictate circuit computations.
Catherine R. von Reyn received the B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA, in 2003, and the Ph.D. degree in bioengineering from the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 2010, where she investigated mechanism that underly neural circuit failure after traumatic brain injury.
She conducted her postdoctoral work at Janelia Research Campus, HHMI, Asburn, VA, USA, where she applied and developed cutting edge tools to investigate neural circuit function in Drosophila melanogaster. She is currently an Assistant Professor with the School of Biomedical Engineering, Sciences and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, with a secondary appointment at the Drexel University College of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy. At Drexel University, she runs the Neural Circuit Engineering (NCE) Laboratory that applies genetic engineering strategies to understand and rewire sensorimotor circuits. The NCE Laboratory seeks to uncover general algorithms for sensorimotor transformations and to control underlying connectivity and molecular mechanisms that dictate circuit computations.View more
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Mark E. Schafer (Life Senior Member, IEEE) received the S.B. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1979, the M.S. degree in acoustics from Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 1988.
He held management positions with several medical companies as a CTO or a VP of research and development. He has consulted with firms worldwide on design, development, intellectual property, regulatory, and clinical aspects of medical ultrasound products, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications. He is a serial entrepreneur, an inventor on over 38 patents, and has authored numerous journal articles and book chapters on ultrasound measurement and applications. In 2020, he joined Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, as a Research Professor, with continued research efforts in biomedical ultrasound.
Dr. Schafer is a Fellow of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Acoustical Society of America, and the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering. He was a recipient of the Chief’s Award for Technology Transfer, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the past President of the Ultrasonic Industry Association. He is currently the President of the IEEE UFFC Society.
Mark E. Schafer (Life Senior Member, IEEE) received the S.B. degree in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, in 1979, the M.S. degree in acoustics from Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA, in 1982, and the Ph.D. degree in biomedical engineering from Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in 1988.
He held management positions with several medical companies as a CTO or a VP of research and development. He has consulted with firms worldwide on design, development, intellectual property, regulatory, and clinical aspects of medical ultrasound products, including diagnostic, therapeutic, and surgical applications. He is a serial entrepreneur, an inventor on over 38 patents, and has authored numerous journal articles and book chapters on ultrasound measurement and applications. In 2020, he joined Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, as a Research Professor, with continued research efforts in biomedical ultrasound.
Dr. Schafer is a Fellow of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Acoustical Society of America, and the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering. He was a recipient of the Chief’s Award for Technology Transfer, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the past President of the Ultrasonic Industry Association. He is currently the President of the IEEE UFFC Society.View more
