Contribution from 4G/5G networks into the electromagnetic environment in the railway stations in Warszawa

The aim of this study was to evaluate parameters of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) exposure caused by radiocommunication systems in urban environment on the example of the 3 railway stations in Warszawa. The exposure were analysed with the use of frequency-selective data loggers of RMS value of electric field strength covering selected frequency bands of its dominating components (RTV transmitters, GSM 900 DL, merged LTE (800, 800, 2100 and 2600 DL) used by 4G and emerging 5G standards of radiocommunication) and for broadband RMS value of all components. Higher levels of exposure on the platforms located on the ground in comparison to underground ones was found (medians/95
^th
percentile values: 0.12/0.21 V/m in RTV bands, 0.24/0.42 V/m in GSM 900 band, 0.50/0.89 V/m in LTE bands and 0.58/0.95 V/m for broadband results on the ground platforms, and respectively: 0.04/0.06 V/m; 0.08/0.38 V/m; 0.10/0.43 and 0.17/0.55 V/m on the underground platforms). Also higher levels of exposure were found in 2022 compared to 2021 because of increased traffic of travellers – in the main halls (medians/95th percentile values were: 0.24/0.65 V/m in LTE bands and 0.37/0.96 V/m for broadband results in 2022, and respectively: 0.16/0.43 V/m and 0.26/0.65 V/m for this bands in 2021).