IoT-based Monitoring of Refrigerated Vaccine Storage: A Literature Review and a Proposed Solution

The storage of vaccines and other sensitive materials is a critical issue, as it requires proper temperature control to maintain their efficacy. IoT technology has emerged as a promising solution for monitoring and controlling the temperature of refrigerated vaccine storage, providing real-time temperature monitoring, data analysis, and alerts for any deviations from the desired temperature range. This paper reviews the existing literature on IoT-based solutions for monitoring the storage of vaccines and other sensitive materials. The authors survey various approaches and technologies used in these solutions, including microcontrollers, temperature sensors, wireless communication modules, cloud-based databases, and machine learning algorithms. In addition, the authors present their solution, which is based on an embedded system consisting of an ESP32 microcontroller, temperature sensors, and firebase services, along with a mobile application for remote monitoring and control. The authors identify the challenges and limitations of the existing solutions and suggest future directions for research and development. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in IoT-based solutions for monitoring the storage of vaccines and other sensitive materials and is intended to inspire further research and innovation in this field.