5 Conclusion from an Automation Expert with Firsthand Knowledge of Highway Regulation What Self-Driving Cars Tell Us About AI Risks: “Missy” Cummings

In 2016, just weeks before the Autopilot in his Tesla drove Joshua Brown to his death, I pleaded with the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation to regulate the use of artificial intelligence in vehicles. Neither my pleading nor Brown's death could stir the government to action. • Since then, automotive AI in the United States has been linked to at least 25 confirmed deaths and to hundreds of injuries and instances of property damage.