A Novel Control Methodology Based on the Combination of TIDF and PIDμD Controllers Enhanced by the Orca Predation Algorithm for a Hybrid Microgrid System Involving Electric Vehicles

In this study, an innovative mixed regulator based on integer and fractional order control is suggested for load frequency management. Tilt Integral Derivative with Filter (TIDF) and Proportional Integral Derivative Fractional Derivative with Filter (PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
) are the two components of the suggested hybrid, which is called TIDF-PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
. The advantages of the TIDF, the PIDD, and the fractional derivative regulators are combined in the proposed TIDF-PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
regulator. In order to enhance the suggested TIDF-PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
parameters in the investigated dual-area power grids, an innovative technique is used that is based on the newly reported Orca Predation Algorithm (OPA). The suggested TIDF-PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
regulator is part of a centralized control plan that takes into account the role of electric vehicles (EVs). Comparing the performance of the proposed TIDF-PID
$^{\mathrm {\mu }}\text{D}$
regulator against that of previously published FOI-TD and PIDD2-PD associated with filters provides promising outcomes. In addition, the OPA optimizer’s outcomes are contrasted to those of newly published optimization techniques such as the Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO), Gradient Based Optimizer (GBO), Battle Royale Optimizer (BRO), and Remora Optimization Algorithm (ROA), and the OPA optimizer has been shown to achieve better results. Taking into account non-linear limitations and the existence of renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar farms, wind farms, and EVs, this study examines the issue of frequency stability in a hybrid dual-area power system with thermal and hydraulic turbines. In ending, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to prove the robustness and reliability of the proposed control structure. The results of this study are presented in the form of time-domain simulations that have been done with the assistance of MATLAB/SIMULINK (R2022a).