Uncertainty Evaluation of Oscilloscope Measurement Waveform Based on Covariance Matrix

Accurate waveform metrology and uncertainty assessment are essential in modern communication, optical, and high-frequency electronic industries. The uncertainty assessment of pulse waveform measurements has traditionally focused on evaluating the uncertainties of pulse parameters without considering the complete waveform uncertainty. Singular pulse parameters sometimes fail to fully characterize a measurement system. In this paper, a method based on the covariance matrix is employed to assess the uncertainty of the complete waveform obtained by an oscilloscope. After obtaining the uncertainty of the complete waveform measurement results, pulse parameters are extracted. By utilizing the principles of uncertainty propagation, the uncertainty of pulse parameters is assessed. Monte Carlo simulation (MCM) is used to validate the uncertainty of pulse parameters.