Determination of Cluster Head by Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN using Bee Colony Algorithm

Cluster-based routing protocols are an efficient way to identify and manage communication networks. These protocols establish a network of nodes, each node in the network acting as a cluster head with an associated set of subordinate nodes. Nodes communicate with each other in a mesh-like structure, transferring data from one node to another. The cluster head has the responsibility of managing the communication between the nodes, as well as routing data and determining which nodes should transmit data at any given time. The cluster-head selection process is important for the effectiveness of these protocols, since the more accurate the cluster-head selection, the more efficient the network. Recent advances in the development of efficient routing protocols have led to the introduction of a variety of cluster-head selection techniques. Some of the primary approaches include self-organizing cluster-head schemes, hierarchy-based approaches, and centralized or distributed techniques. Self-organizing techniques select cluster heads based on a neighborhood or geographic area, with other nodes joining the cluster if their neighborhoods match those of the selected head. Hierarchical approaches involve the use of clusters subdivided into smaller sub-clusters, each one managed by a sub-cluster head.