Active Fault-Tolerant and Attack-Resilient Control for a Renewable Microgrid Against Power-Loss Faults and Data Integrity Attacks

The next-generation power grid evolves from the development of fundamental cyber–physical energy systems called smart microgrids. In order to improve the reliability, safety, and security of smart microgrids and achieve a more cost-effective operation, innovative approaches for physical fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) as well as intrusion detection and attack-resilient control (ARC) should be investigated. Given that, this article considers a smart hybrid renewable-based microgrid with different types of distributed generation units, including solar photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbines, and battery energy storage system. Novel active FTC and ARC strategies are designed for pulse-width modulation (PWM) converters at microgrid level. The proposed fault-tolerant controller is based on an optimal fuzzy gain-scheduling technique that is used to accommodate the adverse impacts of PV power-loss faults. Also, the proposed attack-resilient controller relies on the estimated values of sensor measurements during the occurrence of data integrity cyber-attacks. To access and evaluate the microgrid’s real-time health status, both FTC and ARC strategies employ an integrated model-based intrusion detection and fault diagnosis (IDFD) system that is designed using a fuzzy modeling and identification technique. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions is demonstrated via a series of simulations in MATLAB/Simulink using an advanced microgrid benchmark.