Contacting Electromagnetic Sensors for Determination of Soil Moisture

Water is recognized as a generally available and inexhaustible element of our lives and sustainable water management on a global scale is a strategic challenge for mankind. This is especially true of water in the soil, the presence of which determines the nutrition of the population and has an impact on the climate. Monitoring of soil moisture is necessary for optimal irrigation and the development of a schedule of agrotechnical treatments. Currently, the development of numerous sensors for electromagnetic measurement of soil moisture is being observed, the response to the given excitation of which depends on the dielectric properties of the soil. These properties depend on the measurement frequency used and the physical properties of the soil. The work presents the latest apparatus and methodological solutions of contacting electromagnetic sensors for determining soil moisture, developed with the participation of interdisciplinary scientists.