Equivalent Circuit to Overcome Thévenin Limit for Receiving Lossy Dipole Antennas Motivated by the Poynting Streamline Analysis

In classical antenna theory, the Thévenin equivalent circuit is a commonly used tool to analyze the characteristics of receiving antennas. However, when dealing with a lossy antenna that is near a large load impedance, this circuit has limitations in determining the loss and scattered powers. To overcome this limitation, this work models and analyzes the antenna directly as a receiver and visualizes the flow of field energy around the antenna through generating streamlines of the Poynting vector field. Motivated by the Poynting streamline analysis, a new equivalent circuit for receiving lossy electric and magnetic dipole antennas is introduced in response to an incident plane wave, which addresses the shortcomings of the traditional Thévenin equivalent circuits.