State-Based Energy Calculation Scheme for Internet of Things Networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging and groundbreaking technology in which devices, individuals, and processes seamlessly exchange substantial volume of data without causing disruption. This paradigm offers a wide range of services like healthcare, transportation, education, and smart home operations. However, owing to factors like deployment unpredictability, battery-operated nature, and the intricate nature of IoT networks, the energy levels of these diminutive sensor nodes are rapidly depleted, significantly curtailing the network’s overall lifespan. Moreover, energy utilization and reputation assessment are pivotal in establishing dependability, reliability, and collaboration among sensor nodes, thereby profoundly influencing the decision-making framework. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a State-based Energy Calculation Scheme (SECS) that leverages nodes’ statuses and the functions encompassing direct and indirect energy utilization. The scheme identifies energy-depleted nodes, segregating them within the context of end-to-end reliable path selection, all while minimizing control broadcasts. Empirical results underscore the enhanced performance of the proposed scheme, as evidenced by augmented network throughput, elevated packet delivery ratios, diminished node energy utilization, and truncated end-to-end delays.