Analysis of Off-Grid PV Generation Systems for 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Least Developed) Regions Using Lead Acid Battery Energy Storage

Indonesia is an archipelagic state and has various geographical conditions. This situation presents its own challenges for Indonesia in providing reliable electricity for the community, especially for the 3T (Frontier, Outermost, and Least Developed) regions. Off-Grid Solar Power Plant (PLTS) is a popular and rational option for supplying electricity to many of these areas. However, this generation system is intermittent so that if it is operated outside the utility grid, an energy storage device is needed. The most widely used energy storage device is the battery. A relatively inexpensive battery is a lead-acid type battery, but its life cycle is relatively short.